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How to Tie Up Hair in Hanfu Style During Summer for a Cool and Pretty Look, and How to Style Hair for Children’s Hanfu Performances
There is a misconception that many girls believe that a high ponytail looks good, so they tie their ponytails higher and higher. Actually, this is not the case. Selecting where to tie a ponytail is similar to finding the right angle for taking photos. It should be done in a way that makes you look best. The ideal position is typically at a 45-degree angle upward from the ear roots. For girls with thin hair, tying a ponytail can easily make their head shape appear flat and lackluster. Therefore, before tying a ponytail, it's better to first curl your hair with a curling iron, such as the popular wave curls which are neither too big nor too small. Afterwards, braid these two small ponytails, which means simply braiding them into two pretty little braids. With these two small braids, you can create a lovely short hair Hanfu hairstyle. After securing these two small braids, form a small ring-like circle. This small circle is an extremely classical Hanfu style hairstyle, with the rest of the hair left down loosely. For girls with long hair, when choosing hairstyles, they can opt for those that make them appear more vibrant. These pretty ponytail… -
8 Style Of Hanfu Sleeves: Explore The Charm Of Ancient Chinese Clothing
Hanfu sleeve types include many classic styles, such as wide sleeves, chuihu sleeves, and drooping beard sleeves. Each sleeve type has its unique historical background and design characteristics. These gorgeous sleeve shapes have undergone a long process of development, forming an important part of the Han costume culture, and have been loved and inherited by many Han costume enthusiasts in modern times. The sleeve types of Hanfu clothing are very diverse, with different sleeve designs for different periods, social status, and occasions. The following are some common Hanfu sleeve types. Straight Sleeves Its characteristic is that the sleeve is straight and tubular, with no too many wrinkles and folds from the shoulder to the cuff, which is relatively simple. During the Han Dynasty, straight sleeves were one of the formal clothes worn by officials, literati, and other upper-class men, usually worn in combination with long shirts, mandarin coats, and other lower clothing. There are generally two types of straight sleeves: long sleeves and short sleeves. Long sleeves generally reach to the wrist and are suitable for wearing in cold weather, while short sleeves are suitable for wearing in warm seasons. The straight sleeve design is simple and straightforward, and is… -
History of Chinese Traditional Earrings
Chinese Traditional earrings are of various types, both decorative and ceremonial, and have been an indispensable part of people's decorations since ancient times. The popularity of Chinese Traditional Earrings The first appearance of earrings can be traced back to the Neolithic period. At that time, people's craftsmanship was limited to a certain extent, so earrings were usually in the shape of simple rings with notches and were called "Jue (玦)", mostly made of jade, but also bone, stone, agate, and ivory. Later, with the development of dynasties and civilizations, earrings became richer in style, with different styles such as earrings, earrings pendants, and so on. However, earrings have not always been a symbol of beauty in a long history. In ancient China, women's status was far inferior to men's, so people came up with the idea of piercing holes in women's ears and hanging earrings to remind them to act cautiously, in order to restrain their behavior. In the olden days, until a girl was 10 years old, her mother or other elders would repeatedly be grinding with rice grains over the girl's earlobe to numb it, then pierce it with the tip of a needle, and then wear a piece… -
6 Different Cloth in Chinese Hanfu Making
Nowadays, more and more people are trying to make hanfu by themselves, and with the development of productivity, there are many new cloths that can be applied in hanfu making. These new materials are used in the production of hanfu, which some people find inappropriate and feel that hanfu should be made entirely from materials already available in ancient China, and not from new fabrics that have emerged in modern times. But as long as we fully grasp the characteristics of these fabrics, the new fabrics can also be well used in the hanfu, based on following the shape of the hanfu. Next, let's take a look at the pros and cons of some new cloth in Chinese hanfu making! Chiffon in Hanfu Making Chiffon is a chemical fiber fabric similar in style to silk fabrics, light, breathable, easy to wash, inexpensive, and so on, and the thickness of different chiffon also varies, a large number of choices, popular with everyone, very suitable for making summer clothes. Light: ★★★★★Looks: ★★★★Breathability: ★★★★★Skin-friendly: ★★★Price: ★★★★★ Lace in Hanfu Making Lace as a very good-looking fabric, at first used mostly for lace, but nowadays it is also very popular practice to make the… -
FengguanXiapei – The Most Luxury Ancient Female Chinese Wedding Dress
The ancient Chinese wedding dress, FengguanXiapei (凤冠霞帔), is the most secret dream of many ancient girls. In classical literary works and our imagination, FengguanXiapei often represents the conclusion of a good marriage, which is the most classic Chinese wedding dress. 1. What is "Fengguan"? Fengguan is the most solemn headdress in the Ming Dynasty. It is famous for its Phoenix-like ornaments. Fengguan had taken shape in the Han Dynasty. According to the records of historical materials, when the Empress Dowager participated in the sacrificial activities, she would wear jade ornaments in the shape of Phoenix. After the Han Dynasty, the headdress of Phoenix has been very popular. From the Song Dynasty, Fengguan was officially designated as the dress of Mingfu (命妇, women with titles in ancient times). When attending the important ceremony, Fengguan was needed. Apart from the dragon and phoenix, the gem is also an important part of Fengguan. According to the objects unearthed, the twelve dragon and nine phoenix crowns of the empress Xiaojing (孝靖皇后), including one hundred and twenty-one precious stones (fifty-three ruby, sixty-two sapphires, four emeralds and two pieces of topaz). Fengguan was a luxury that all the women of the Ming Dynasty longed for at that… -
Hanfu-Inspired Qipao Dress, White Traditional Chinese Dress
The square-neck dress usually has a relatively larger neckline; therefore, girls with bigger or rounder faces can choose a square-neck dress to modify their face shape. Wearing a square-neck dress exposes the neck and surrounding skin, horizontally elongating the shoulder proportion, making the face appear narrower and achieving the effect of visually altering the face shape. The square-neck dress is not fattening; it exposes a large area of the collarbone and shoulders and can appropriately adjust the shoulder proportion, making one look slimmer. You can choose a solid color style for the square-neck dress, which will be simpler and more elegant, or you can choose a printed style to make it look prettier. In daily life, we often see some girls who really like to wear black dresses. Because a black dress makes one look slimmer, and we also find that black dresses are very versatile; no matter what kind of coat you wear over them, they always look particularly good. So, as a girl, there must be a black dress in your wardrobe. When choosing a black dress, you can also use some styling techniques to make the black dress look even better on you. Moreover, the loose skirt… -
Sketching Methods for Traditional Hanfu Costumes, Sketch Images of Traditional Hanfu Costumes
The method of drawing with colored pencils can reflect one's patience and delicacy. The difficulty with colored pencils lies in the simplicity of their basic techniques, which are just two types of flat coloring and line arrangement. It is important to avoid being impatient, otherwise, the result will be similar to children's drawings. When arranging lines, one should do it honestly, forming color blocks with densely packed lines, different from the fish pattern lines in sketches, to achieve a stable and appealing effect with a slightly textured surface. Some people say that colored pencils have fewer colors, but they simply do not understand the semi-transparency of colored pencils; layering and mixing colors can produce countless variations. Painting tutorial for handsome men, your mother's answer is thought-provoking, highlighting the whiteness of the face, depicting ancient-style demonic eyes and lips. In the role of Nan Chu, shape the lower eyelid. Male eyes tend to be more elongated. Step-by-step instructions for sketching simple ancient-style eyes: first draw the outline of the upper eyelid, making the middle part flat and narrowing towards both ends. Then, continue to draw the semicircular outline of the eyeball and pupil. Follow the customer service to get free manga… -
The Mamianqun: History, Construction, Features
So the Mamianqun, or 馬面裙, or horse-faced skirt, has been blowing up lately especially because of the Dior controversy—here's an in-depth dive into the history, construction, and features of the famous horse-face skirt. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MAMIANQUN The mamianqun or horse-faced skirt is a skirt that first originated somewhere close to the Song dynasty worn by high-class courtesans (who were like celebrities and fashion icons tbh) in the form of colorful pleated silk. It’s named this way because of its resemblance to the mamian fortress, which has stairs on either side (like the pleats) and a door in the front and back (like the skirt doors). The ‘doors’ sides of the fortress were known as the *horse faces* or mamian/ because these were the faces of the fortress where the horses would pass through. It became extremely popular in the following Ming dynasty and stayed popular through the Qing dynasty through Manchurian rule—it’s been around for a long, long time! Mamianqun are more convenient for movement and offer a regal, classy aesthetic as well as a very recognizable and unique silhouette. Even Princess Diana wore one once! BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF A MAMIANQUN The Skirt Doors From the… -
Tips For You To Choose The Most Suitable Chinese Costumes Hanfu For Yourself
Hanfu is one of the traditional Chinese costumes. In the various types and styles of Hanfu clothes, how to choose a suit for yourself according to your figure? What problems should we pay attention to when selecting? Only by choosing a suitable Hanfu for yourself can the beauty of Hanfu be fully displayed. Next, we will take a look at the characteristics of several different styles and shapes of Hanfu to see how to choose a suit for ourselves. 1. Qixiong Ruqun Many people who love Hanfu especially like Qixiong Ruqun. So what kind of person is more suitable for Qixiong Ruqun? A. Slim girls are more suitable for Qixiong Ruqun, because the super high waist Hanfu on the chest can visually lengthen your body lines, make you look taller and more imposing. B. Girls with smaller breasts are more suitable for Qixiong Ruqun, because when girls with big breasts wear a full length Ruqun, their breasts will hold up the part under the skirt, which will make people feel pregnant and give them a feeling of bloated. And the girl with smaller chest will look more charming and lovely. Qixiong Ruqun 2. Qiyao Ruqun Qiyao Ruqun can be divided… -
7 Types of Hanfu Skirts That You Should Know
As requested by user @Wei on my Mamianqun article, here’s a little summary of all the most popular hanfu skirt (qun or types and what the difference between them is! I’m not going to go into as much detail as the previous article since my goal is to go through them all quickly and teach you the differences between them, but I’ll be including some brief details on their name, history, construction, and features so that you can better understand the huge variety of skirts in hanfu. Let’s start off with some basics rules hanfu skirts tend to follow. Skirts are made up of one or two pieces of fabric, usually, and they take the shape of a flat piece of pleated or non pleated cloth that gets wrapped around the body and tied in place by ribbons/ties. There are very few exceptions to this, except in hanyuansu, which is modified hanfu for convenience and style. The waistband of the skirt is usually 6-8cm wide and made with a different piece of fabric than the body of the skirt, which the body of the skirt is then attached to—this is referred to as the skirt head (. But even with… -
Traditional Hanfu Debuts at Venice Carnival
On the afternoon of February 17, 2023, local time in Venice, the Venice Carnival Hanfu Parade was held in St. Marks Square. This event was organized by the Foreign Affairs Office of the Suzhou Municipal People Government, the Suzhou Culture and Tourism Bureau, the Festival Department of the City of Venice, the Confucius Institute of the University of Venice, and the Venice Carnival Organizing Committee, and hosted by the Suzhou Silk Museum. In the midst of the continuing atmosphere of the Venice Carnival, the models recruited by the Confucius Institute of the University of Venice, dressed in different styles of hanfu, walked through the streets of the city and arrived at St. Mark's Square, attracting the attention of citizens and tourists alike along the way. In St. Mark's Square, the "Hanfu Parade" became the focus of the day, with tourists and Venetians from all over the world enjoying it, taking pictures, and sharing them. The elegant shape of Han Dynasty costumes, the richness and beauty of Tang Dynasty costumes, the simplicity and grace of Song Dynasty costumes, the dignity and splendor of Ming Dynasty costumes, from the Silk Road to the aesthetics of Su-style life, Suzhou and Venice met once… -
How to Match Hanfu Outfits for the Workday
Hanfu is the general name for traditional Chinese costumes of various dynasties, and it is known for its complicated system and rich and varied style, which not only has a deep historical heritage, but also its unique aesthetic value. Therefore, in recent years, many people are more and more favorable to hanfu, and the tolerance of the society is getting bigger and bigger, so hanfu is also used in more common life scenes. Some simple and generous hanfu can even be worn for the workday, fashionable. In this article, we'll take a look at those hanfu outfits that are suitable for commuting and working days, and teach you how to easily wear hanfu outfits for the workday Trend of Hanfu Hanfu is a traditional dress with a classical form, and most of its clothes are designed to be flowing, but there are also many designs that are closer to daily life. For example, the simple shape of the Song Beizi (褙子), the design of the lapel is very cool to wear in summer. Or the Ming Pipa sleeves Ao (袄), sleeve shape elegant and generous, very intellectual. In addition, there are also some Xuan Qun (旋裙) and Zhe Qun… -
Ancient Chinese Headdress Qing Dynasty Bian Fang
Qing Dynasty was the last stage of the highly developed feudal society in China. With the evolution of the dynasty, the Qing dynasty Manchu women's headdress is rich and diverse. Inheritance of headdress in the past generations, but also according to the national dressing characteristics, create jewelry corresponding to it. One of the most ancient Chinese headdress representatives is the Bian Fang (扁方). 01 What is Bian Fang? Bian Fang is one of the traditional hair ornaments in ancient China, which was mainly popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, used to fix hair. The shape of its head is generally curvy and its body is often 1-shaped. They have different shapes, large, small, wide, or narrow. The large one can reach more than 30cm. The small one, also known as double-tip, can be used as hair fixing or decoration. The large one is used to fix "two buns head (两把头)". A white jade inlaid lotus pattern Bian Fang of the Qing dynasty - Collection of the National Palace Museum, Beijing Let's take a look at the evolution of women's hairstyles in the Qing Dynasty! Before the Qing Dynasty, Manchu people originally lived in the northern region, influenced by the… -
Hanfu Outfit Breakdown: Rainbow 6 Song Hanyuansu
Hey everyone! I’m so sorry about how late this is since I promised this like… three weeks ago, but here’s a little outfit analysis of the rainbow pride outfit that I designed and posted a few pictures of last month! Disclaimer: While I design the shapes, fabrics, and combinations of my hanfu designs, I do not sew any of my hanfu designs! This is due to the fact that I could not sew a straight line to sew my life. Instead I work with various small independent tailors, seamstresses and hanfu workshops. THE BASIC STATS I chose to make this set a Song Dynasty hanyuansu. Song style hanfu has long been known to be the most popular in the summer with its flowy and light layers, and me being in Taiwan for pretty much all of pride month meant that I needed to be able to stay cool in 37+ degrees while hanging around outside for pictures. The main modifications in this set are to the top piece, which is a , or camisole, with straps. This is a very simple three-piece set that gives all of its attention to the rainbow skirt. The three pieces include the camisole… -
9 Most Commonly Used Hairstyles Of Hanfu 2020 | FashionHanfu
The hairstyle of Hanfu is characterized by its hairstyle and crown, which can not only reflect the beautiful appearance of ancient women but also show the characteristics of age and identity. What kind of hairstyle should be worn with the ancient Chinese costume bearing the Chinese etiquette culture? Today, we will introduce the 9 common hairstyles of Hanfu to highlight the unique cultural temperament of “the country of clothing” and “the state of etiquette”. Style 1: Home bun At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the women in the capital combed their hair and held their faces on their temples. They were shaped like a vertebral bun. Style 2: Horse bun She wears a low bun and sweeps her eyebrows. All-day Acacia, just for the king haggard. Style 3: Cross bun It is named after its “cross” shape. The hair is sparse and the bun is crossed vertically. Style 4: Black bun “Miao custom Ji Wen”: the woman’s bun is a foot high, graceful and forehead, like overlapping and sharp. Style 5: Double bun Style 6: Startled Swan bun Wei palace people like to draw long eyebrows, make moth eyebrows, startled bun. It is shaped like a bird’s wings. Style… -
How did the Ancients Chinese Iron Hanfu
Iron is a common small appliance in modern homes, and almost every home has one, but did you know that irons have been in use since 2000 years ago, or even earlier? How did the ancients iron Hanfu? The Origin of the Ancient Iron The origin of the name "Yundou (熨斗, iron)" is that its image is similar to that of "Big Dipper", and secondly, the shape of the Yundou is like the China ancient cooking utensil "Dou (斗)". In ancient China, the Yundou, also known as "fire Dou", "gold Dou (an iron made of gilding technology, it is not a general folk good)", "Gumu (钴鉧)", its main function is to iron Hanfu clothes, the effect is two: one is to iron out any wrinkled areas of clothing, another effect is to iron the pleats, at where need to be visibly pleated. The first iron was made of stones, pottery, or copper, roasting on the fire, and then pressed on the clothes to iron them. It is said that iron was invented before the end of the Shang Dynasty. King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty was inspired by the fact that irons burned people's hands when they were used,… -
Ancient Chinese Official Clothing and Hanfu
Another type that complements the "cross-collar" is the "straight-collar" and the "round-collar". The straight-collar refers to a neckline that directly falls vertically from the chest without crossing at the front. Some have ties at the chest while others are left open without any ties. This type of straight-collar garment is generally worn over cross-collar Hanfu as an outerwear, such as overcoats, half-sleeve garments, and robes, which are common in daily outerwear styles. The round-collar is more commonly seen in men's clothing, with a circular collar shape similar to a plate, also right-side dominant, with ties on the right shoulder. It was adopted in official costumes during the Han and Tang dynasties, and there were also round-collar styles in everyday clothing. In terms of clothing colors, they may not strictly adhere to the official regulations: officials of the first to fourth ranks wore bright red, fifth to seventh ranks wore greenish-blue, and eighth rank and below wore green. Generally, casual attire for officials was mostly dark blue or sky blue, with some green. For official attire with hats, bright red was more common. For example, in historical dramas, we often see scholars and top-ranked scholars wearing bright red official attire, however,… -
History of Ancient China Hair Accessories: Ji
Vocabulary Ji, 笄 (jī) - the most simplistic hair accessories to secure updos used by ancient Chinese. Zan, 簪 (zān) - a more complex version of Ji. What hanfu hairpins are now called. On one end are accessories, and the other is a pin that is inserted into a hair bun. Chai, 钗 (chāi) - also a hairpin quite similar to Zan. Chāi have two split pins on one end. The two pins will get pushed into the hair bun and stay much more securely than one pin in Zan and Ji. Guan, 冠 (guān) - literal translation is "crown". The crown in ancient China looked more like a net hat that encompassed hair buns within. Based on the crown, any sort of hairpin can be used to further secure the hat to the head. Materials and Purpose Ji are considered the earliest and plainest hair accessories. It takes on the shape of a stick with or without a simple carved out design on one end and a single stick on the other. It is often carved out of a single piece of material or cut out separately then assembled at the end. This accessory is said to exist even… -
10 Must-have Hanfu Warm Long Beizi for Winter
Today we will take stock of the good shape, design thin, easy matching Song dynasty long Beizi. Beizi fabric is single-sided tweed, embroidered lapels with inserts, stars and moon embroidery combines traditional embroidery techniques with fashion elements. The lapel cuffs are inlaid with plush trim, full of girlie feeling. Pink body with light blue lapels, the color is light and fresh. Tweed Beizi cuffs are embedded with white wool strips and embroidered elegantly. The overall color scheme is fresh, and a golden swallow and rabbit are embroidered on each side of the front, making it lively and vivid. A small piece of suede patch embroidery is added to the placket, adding a lovely winter feel with the fur strips on the sleeves. The tweed fabric of Beizi is warm and thick, and this Beizi is more suitable for everyday and can be worn as regular wear. The embroidery can be said to be just right. The light blue color scheme really looks super gentle. Beizi lining feels smooth and the plush is soft and delicate, and it is windproof and warm. The edge of the endings are also edged with plush, both practical and beautiful. The… -
How Did The Ancients Iron Clothes | The Development History Of Irons
What Are “Irons” Irons is a kind of tool that irons wrinkled clothes and cloth with heat. In modern times, iron is one of the common household appliances, which is used to iron clothes. Nowadays, irons are of various types according to different designs. However, in ancient times, the irons were originally made of stones, pottery, copper and iron pieces, which were heated on the fire and pressed on the clothes to make them flat. The Origin Of The Name “Irons” On the origin of the name “irons”, there are two explanations in ancient Chinese. One is to take the meaning of Beidou, and the other is that the shape of iron is very similar to that of an ancient cooking utensil “dou”. According to research, the ancient Chinese iron was invented earlier than the electric iron in the West in 1880, and it was the first country in the world to invent and use iron. The Development History Of Irons Shang Dynasty The earliest prototype of the iron appeared in the Shang Dynasty, when it was used as a tool of torture, specially used to burn prisoners’ skin. Until the late Qin and early Han Dynasty, its function was… -
History of Hanfu | An Introduction to The Styles of Chinese Hanfu 2020
Quju Robe This style of Han clothing comes from the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, also known as the round Lapel robe, which is usually defined as the robe made of deep clothes. It is characterized by a right Lapel with a cross collar. The end of the lapel is usually triangular in shape and is fixed by a tie around the back. So far, the unearthed objects are the Shan Rao Qu Ju robe from the Han Dynasty tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha, and its shape needs further study. Qixiong Ruqun Qixiong Ruqun is generally composed of a short upper Ruqu and a long chest skirt. It is also a variation of Ruqun, which is usually defined as a clothing system.Qixiong Ruqun is characterized by that the skirt is usually tied above the chest, and the chest strap can be tied in the center or the front and sides of the chest. Qixiong Ruqun was mainly popular during the Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, and Five Dynasties. Today’s common forms are generally made with reference to the styles of the middle and late Tang Dynasty. In addition, the collar type of Qixiong Ruqun can be divided into two types:… -
How to Choose a Suitable Hanfu – Girl’s Clothes Guide
Hanfu style is becoming increasingly more popular. Among the Hanfu styles, you can see some of them are excellent and graceful. It is said that the shape of one’s face and body can be inferred from wearing Hanfu, because of the relationship between body shape and Hanfu design. This article will introduce you to what the differences are among various body shapes and how to choose a Hanfu/Han element clothing that matches your body type. Hourglass figure The hourglass figure is characterized by an abundant chest, thin waist, wide hips, and full thighs, which is a figure with graceful lines. The hourglass shape is also called the X shape or S shape. Comparatively speaking, the Qi waist Hanfu is more suitable. In addition, it is also very suitable for the Han element clothing with waist contraction, and with silk, satin, and other materials, you can highlight your femininity~ Apple shape The body is round, the chest, abdomen, buttocks are plump, and the legs are slender. Even though the apple-shaped body is not high in weight, it is easy to look bloated, especially the upper body. If you choose Han element clothing, you can wear a high waist skirt that can… -
The Mamianqun: History, Construction, Features
So the Mamianqun, or 馬面裙, or horse-faced skirt, has been blowing up lately especially because of the Dior controversy—here's an in-depth dive into the history, construction, and features of the famous horse-face skirt. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MAMIANQUN The mamianqun or horse-faced skirt is a skirt that first originated somewhere close to the Song dynasty worn by high-class courtesans (who were like celebrities and fashion icons tbh) in the form of colorful pleated silk. It’s named this way because of its resemblance to the mamian fortress, which has stairs on either side (like the pleats) and a door in the front and back (like the skirt doors). The ‘doors’ sides of the fortress were known as the *horse faces* or mamian/ because these were the faces of the fortress where the horses would pass through. It became extremely popular in the following Ming dynasty and stayed popular through the Qing dynasty through Manchurian rule—it’s been around for a long, long time! Mamianqun are more convenient for movement and offer a regal, classy aesthetic as well as a very recognizable and unique silhouette. Even Princess Diana wore one once! BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF A MAMIANQUN The Skirt Doors From the… -
8 Style Of Hanfu Sleeves: Explore The Charm Of Ancient Chinese Clothing
Hanfu sleeve types include many classic styles, such as wide sleeves, chuihu sleeves, and drooping beard sleeves. Each sleeve type has its unique historical background and design characteristics. These gorgeous sleeve shapes have undergone a long process of development, forming an important part of the Han costume culture, and have been loved and inherited by many Han costume enthusiasts in modern times. The sleeve types of Hanfu clothing are very diverse, with different sleeve designs for different periods, social status, and occasions. The following are some common Hanfu sleeve types. Straight Sleeves Its characteristic is that the sleeve is straight and tubular, with no too many wrinkles and folds from the shoulder to the cuff, which is relatively simple. During the Han Dynasty, straight sleeves were one of the formal clothes worn by officials, literati, and other upper-class men, usually worn in combination with long shirts, mandarin coats, and other lower clothing. There are generally two types of straight sleeves: long sleeves and short sleeves. Long sleeves generally reach to the wrist and are suitable for wearing in cold weather, while short sleeves are suitable for wearing in warm seasons. The straight sleeve design is simple and straightforward, and is…
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