Hanfu, as a representative of traditional Chinese clothing culture, has been passed down from ancient times to the present day. The styles and designs of Hanfu have evolved over different historical periods. This article will focus on the face adornments of Ming and Song Dynasty Hanfu, exploring their unique charm and cultural significance.
I. Origin and Characteristics of Face Adornments in Ming Dynasty Hanfu
The face adornments of Ming Dynasty Hanfu, also known as “face towels” or “jiafan,” refer to a piece of facial decoration that covers the area below the lips. The introduction of face adornments originated from the court etiquette system of the Ming Dynasty, symbolizing social status. Initially derived from Mongolian face towels on the Mongolian grasslands, they were later introduced to China following the Yuan Dynasty's invasion.
The characteristics of face adornments are mainly reflected in materials, design, and usage methods. In terms of materials, face adornments are often made from lightweight and soft fabrics such as silk and satin to ensure comfort and breathability. In terms of design, face adornments are generally rectangular in shape, with moderate sizes that can fully cover the nose, mouth, and chin. In terms of usage, they are tied under the hair, covering the mouth and nose while leaving the eye area open for clear vision.
II. Embellishment and Decoration of Face Adornments in Ming Dynasty Hanfu
The embellishments of face adornments in Ming Dynasty Hanfu primarily include embroidery, cross-stitching, and gold and silver threads. These decorative techniques not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the face adornments but also reflect the societal pursuit of ornamental items and aesthetic tastes during the Ming Dynasty.
Embroidery is the most common technique used in decorating Ming Dynasty Hanfu face adornments. The embroidery patterns are diverse, including flowers, birds, landscapes, and figures, all of which are finely detailed. The choice of embroidery patterns is often in harmony with the color of the face adornment, creating a cohesive and unified appearance. Cross-stitching is another technique that involves stitching lines to create and fill in patterns, making them more vivid and distinct.
Gold and silver threads are one of the highlights in the decoration of Ming Dynasty Hanfu face adornments. Made from fine strips of gold and silver thread, these decorations add texture and luxury to the face adornments, highlighting the wearer's noble status. Gold and silver threads can be used to outline the contours of patterns or woven into irregular small decorative motifs.
III. Popularity and Transformation of Face Adornments in Song Dynasty Hanfu
Song Dynasty Hanfu refers to the styles and production methods of Hanfu during the Northern Song period (960-1127 AD). Compared to Ming Dynasty Hanfu, Song Dynasty Hanfu face adornments are simpler and more practical, emphasizing functionality and comfort.
The main features of Song Dynasty Hanfu face adornments include smaller sizes, lighter materials, and simpler lines. Smaller sizes make the face adornments fit better to the facial contours, reducing the obstruction of facial expressions. Lighter materials make the face adornments more breathable and comfortable, suitable for wearing in hot summer weather. Simpler lines eliminate unnecessary decorations, making the face adornments purer and more refined.
The transformation of Song Dynasty Hanfu face adornments mainly involves the selection of fabrics and color coordination. The fabric is primarily made of satin, which ensures both comfort and a delicate texture. Colors emphasize brightness and harmony, with common choices being solid colors and light, elegant tones, reflecting the practicality, subtlety, and tranquility valued in Song Dynasty culture.
IV. Comparison of Face Adornments in Ming and Song Dynasty Hanfu
Ming Dynasty Hanfu face adornments emphasize decoration and luxury, often made from silk with intricate and varied patterns and vibrant colors. The designs are larger, effectively concealing the face and highlighting the wearer's status and nobility. Decorations on the face adornments frequently use precious materials like gold and silver threads and gemstones, making them more splendid and dazzling.
Song Dynasty Hanfu face adornments, on the other hand, prioritize practicality and simplicity, often made from lightweight satin with simple and unadorned patterns and soft, elegant tones. The designs are smaller, fitting closely to the facial contours and focusing on maintaining the wearer's facial expressions. Decorations are minimal or absent, emphasizing overall harmony and comfort.
Conclusion: Although the styles, materials, and decorations of face adornments in Ming and Song Dynasty Hanfu differ, they both aim to promote Chinese traditional culture and aesthetics. Whether it is the luxurious splendor of Ming Dynasty Hanfu or the practical simplicity of Song Dynasty Hanfu, both reflect the Han people's pursuit of beauty and aesthetic tastes. Hanfu, as a treasure of Chinese civilization, continues to captivate us with its unique charm and cultural significance, offering a timeless legacy that spans through time.
