Hanfu Knowledge

Hanfu sleeve types include many classic styles, such as wide sleeves, chuihu sleeves, and drooping beard sleeves. Each sleeve type has its unique historical background and design characteristics. These gorgeous sleeve shapes have undergone a long process of development, forming an important part of the Han costume culture, and have been loved and inherited by many Han costume enthusiasts in modern times. The sleeve types of Hanfu clothing are very diverse, with different sleeve designs for different periods, social status, and occasions. The following are some common Hanfu sleeve types. Straight Sleeves Its characteristic is that the sleeve is straight and tubular, with no too many wrinkles and folds from the shoulder to the cuff, which is relatively simple. During the Han Dynasty, straight sleeves were one of the formal clothes worn by officials, literati, and other upper-class men, usually worn in combination with long shirts, mandarin coats, and other lower clothing. There are generally two types of straight sleeves: long sleeves and short sleeves. Long sleeves generally reach to the wrist and are suitable for wearing in cold weather, while short sleeves are suitable for wearing in warm seasons. The straight sleeve design is simple and straightforward, and is…

The story of clothing and costumes is one of the most fascinating developments in human history. Traditional Chinese Dress & Clothing has a long history and cultural content, and it is an important part of Chinese excellent cultural heritage, so It has particular researching value. Every nation in the world has its unique traditional clothing. The particular histories and cultures could be recognized so as for people to distinguish one citizen from another. China, as a multi-ethnic and time-honored country, has many ethnic minorities who have their indigenous culture. The mutual influences among these different cultures have contributed to the rich textures and fabrics of history and have made Chinese clothing with great variation and glory. Traditional Chinese dress & clothing has been shaped and developed alongside the interactive influences between the outside world and China’s own dynastic traditions. Every different dynastic has different scopes of territory, social values, social norms, etc. Therefore, many aesthetic standards were made according to the environments (socially, geographically, economically, politically) of certain dynastic. This is the main reason why traditional Chinese clothing has such many styles. Mount Huang (黄山) 5 Types of  Traditional Chinese Clothing & Dress For exploring the world of traditional Chinese clothing, it…

The image of Qin Shi Huang as a tyrant has been stuck for over two thousand years. However, in recent years, a discovery of the "Yunmeng Qin Bamboo Slips" in a tomb in Hubei has provided an opportunity for Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who has faced criticism for over two thousand years, to potentially redeem his reputation. In 2015, an archaeological team made a significant discovery in an ancient tomb located in Hubei. They unearthed a collection of two hundred thousand bamboo slips dating back to the Qin Dynasty. These bamboo slips, attributed to a low-ranking official named "Xi," were revealed to contain records of laws and regulations from that era.  Figure 1 - "Xi" Figurine  The recently unearthed Qin Dynasty bamboo slips have provided valuable insights that challenge long-standing perceptions. Among the content, there is a specific passage that documents the military regulations of the Qin Dynasty. This discovery sheds new light on our understanding of the military practices during that time. Figure 2 - Qin Dynasty Bamboo Slips According to the records, the recently discovered Qin Dynasty bamboo slips outline the consequences for being late on duty. If an individual arrives late within three to five days, they would…

Many Hanfu lovers will encounter such a problem: how to clean Hanfu? How to maintain Hanfu correctly? Before washing Hanfu, we need to know the fabric of Hanfu? Commons are cotton and hemp, chemical fiber, silk, and so on. If you don’t know the fabric, you can consult Hanfu merchants and check the details of the goods. Generally, regular businesses will mark Hanfu fabrics and washing and maintenance precautions. The most easily dirty part of Hanfu is the lower skirt and collar edge. If the washing and drying process is not proper, it is easy to become yellow and old after several times of wearing. How to wash and dry the Hanfu with different fabrics? 1. Cotton and hemp clothes: Generally, hand washing is recommended. For washing machine washing, gentle washing is recommended. Washing time should not be too long, 30 minutes is appropriate; soaking time is less than 15 minutes. After washing, the Hanfu should be dried in a cool place. Direct sunlight will also cause cotton and flax to turn yellow. Before storage, it is recommended to fold flat after ironing and keep the package clean and dry to prevent mildew. In addition, if the Hanfu is white…

Hanfu, as one of the representatives of traditional Chinese clothing, has become a popular fashion element among young people today with its magnificent and exquisite styles and unique design aesthetics. The sleeves of Hanfu, in particular, are one of the most distinctive parts of Hanfu, showcasing the essence of its beauty. They carry the emotions accumulated over time and the treasures of Chinese culture, captivating all who experience them. The history of Hanfu sleeves is long-standing. As early as the Western Han Dynasty more than two thousand years ago, the cuffs of Hanfu began to gradually widen. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the sleeves of Hanfu had reached their peak. The width of the cuffs could be several feet or more, giving an ethereal and free-flowing impression, making one feel almost as if they were about to ascend to heaven. The "Persuasive Ritual" during the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han records: "The sleeves of men's garments reach from the chest down to the feet, while those of women's garments reach to the ground." This shows that the sleeves of Hanfu were once a symbol of ultimate luxury, embodying the splendor and elegance of ancient Chinese civilization. The variety of…

The history of the Shangsi Festival dates back to ancient times, and in the ancient China, Shangsi had already become a large-scale folk festival. With the arrival of spring and clear, bright scenery, people would step out of their homes, gather by the water, and participate in rituals to purify and dispel inauspicious energies. According to historical records, the Shangsi Festival was already popular during the Spring and Autumn Period. The term "Shangsi" first appeared in Han Dynasty literature. This festival had a unique custom before the Han Dynasty, serving as a carnival organized by the government for young men and women. The "Zhou Li • Di Guan • Mei Shi" recorded, "In the middle of the spring month, men and women were ordered to gather. At that time, those who ran away were not restrained." The term "ran away" refers to young men and women meeting outdoors, and besides bathing by the riverside, romantic affairs during these gatherings were not considered a violation of customary norms. The Shangsi Festival is also associated with witchcraft activities aimed at warding off evil spirits using orchid-infused water. Orchids were considered spiritual entities with a fragrant aroma. Before conducting significant rituals, ancient people observed…

The Tang dynasty makeup style can almost be said to be the most versatile in the entire ancient history of China, because both in terms of national power and politics, the Tang dynasty almost reached the pinnacle of history, and because of this prosperity, the makeup of the women's makeup in the people's peace of environment constantly changing refinement. With the transformation of the early Tang Dynasty, the flourishing Tang Dynasty, and the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the makeup was also making different changes, and for this reason, some special makeups were created, as we can see from the many ancient wall paintings and drawings.   Early Tang Dynasty makeup style: the beauty of simplicity In the early Tang Dynasty, influenced by the short-lived Sui Dynasty (581-617), the royal family did not pursue luxury and advocated simplicity. Therefore, the overall makeup of the women's more subtle and graceful, to lightly coated with lead white makeup and lightly coated with rouge red makeup mainly.  | White Makeup | Since ancient times, people have advocated the beauty of white, so women have the custom of powder, only to the Tang Dynasty, women's powder and style more diverse and prevalent. During the…

If you have been following recent Chinese Xianxia dramas, you might be familiar with the character of Tan Tai Jin, known as the Devil God. Tan Tai Jin was originally a prince from the neighboring Kingdom of Jing. He grew up unloved and served as a diplomatic hostage in the Kingdom of Sheng. Despite his difficult upbringing, he eventually ascended the throne of Jing and brought prosperity and stability to his people. Tan Tai Jin implemented policies to unify the kingdom and showed kindness and equality to the refugees from Sheng. In ancient China, a similar young man existed in a faraway time. In the year 259 BCE, Ying Zheng was born as the son of a hostage in the state of Zhao. Since his birth, he lived as a hostage. During his childhood, Zhao suffered a devastating defeat in the Battle of Changping against the Qin army. The Zhao soldiers were mercilessly slaughtered, resulting in a loss of 450,000 lives. To make matters worse, the victorious Qin army pursued Zhao and pushed deep into its territory. The people of Zhao, already depleted of resources and unable to fight back, held deep hatred towards the people of Qin and wished…

What Are “Irons” Irons is a kind of tool that irons wrinkled clothes and cloth with heat. In modern times, iron is one of the common household appliances, which is used to iron clothes. Nowadays, irons are of various types according to different designs. However, in ancient times, the irons were originally made of stones, pottery, copper and iron pieces, which were heated on the fire and pressed on the clothes to make them flat. The Origin Of The Name “Irons” On the origin of the name “irons”, there are two explanations in ancient Chinese. One is to take the meaning of Beidou, and the other is that the shape of iron is very similar to that of an ancient cooking utensil “dou”. According to research, the ancient Chinese iron was invented earlier than the electric iron in the West in 1880, and it was the first country in the world to invent and use iron. The Development History Of Irons Shang Dynasty The earliest prototype of the iron appeared in the Shang Dynasty, when it was used as a tool of torture, specially used to burn prisoners’ skin. Until the late Qin and early Han Dynasty, its function was…

Hanfu also has ceremonial and everyday wear; there's a distinction between modernized and restored versions. For daily commuting, it's more appropriate to wear everyday or modernized versions, while ceremonial or restored Hanfu is suitable for celebrations and rituals. As a casual mix-and-match enthusiast, I usually opt for modernized and everyday versions. Wearing large sleeves, floor-length skirts, elaborate headpieces, and sword-shaped hair accessories might appear somewhat excessive in my opinion. Among these, the long skirt is not an absolute necessity, but the large sleeves are. Hanfu needs to evolve with the times and integrate into modern life, as daily activities often involve school or work. Hanfu enthusiasts may have other events or gatherings, and most will choose whether or not to wear Hanfu based on the occasion and nature of the event. From ancient costume dramas, we can see that people wearing Hanfu often carry sachets or jade pendants, which can be considered the most distinctive feature of Hanfu. The popular Hanfu lady in the video carries a fan and wears an ancient veil over her face, adding a sense of mystery. When putting together a complete Hanfu outfit, one can choose corresponding Hanfu accessories to play around with their Hanfu…

Recently, the "National Reading Conference · 2023 China Good Book" ceremony was broadcast on CCTV, where People's Fine Arts Publishing House's "A Brief History of Chinese Clothing" was honored with the 2023 China Good Book Award. To celebrate, the publisher hosted a book sharing event titled "A Glimpse of Millennia—Discovering the Beauty of Chinese Culture Through 'Hanfu'" at Tianjin Publishing Building's Jindu Bookstore. Professor Hua Mei spoke at the book sharing session The event featured a lively discussion with three distinguished guests: Professor Hua Mei, author of the awarded book and an expert in costume history; Qi Dejin, a professor of fashion design at the School of Art at Tianjin University of Science and Technology; and Li Ling, an associate professor of fashion at the School of Fashion and Art at Tianjin Polytechnic University. Readers gave speeches photo from: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_27240427 The discussion delved into the defining characteristics and historical evolution of Hanfu, the traditional Chinese attire, and its stylistic elements in modern fashion design. The panel also explored the poetic expression of Hanfu and how it can foster cultural confidence.Hua Mei began by highlighting that Hanfu embodies the sartorial essence of the Chinese nation. She cited the stunning performance at this…

In the process of evolution, there are dozens or even hundreds of styles of Chinese clothes. This article mainly introduces the most classical styles of Chinese Hanfu clothes. Women's clothing Suit Ruqun(襦裙) Ruqun is a kind of hanfu, also call: Shanqun (衫裙), short clothes worn on the upper body, call "Ru", and the dress of the lower body, call "Qun", together call "Ruqun". It is a typical "Shangyi Xiachang(top clothes and underdress) " form. Ruqun has an obvious feature: short top and long dress. The Ruqun appeared in the Warring States Period, Ruqun was worn by ordinary people(female) until the end of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Jiaoling Ruqun/ Shanqun(交领襦裙/衫裙) Jiaoling Ruqun is a kind of Ruqun, the main feature is: the top collar is cross. It is quite common in the Song Dynasty. Wearing method: First: Wear top clothes, Align the collar of the top clothes; Tie a knot in right Jin(襟, the chest part of the top); Tie a knot in left Jin. Second: tie up the dress, Put the dress in front of you, wrap the skirt behind you; Two sides of the dress overlap behind; Folding outwards the pressing on the inner layer of dress; Adjust…

Meet Princess Pingyang, a fearless woman who lived during the tumultuous times of ancient China. Born in the 590s to Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, she was destined for greatness. When her father planned to rebel against the tyrannical Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Pingyang fearlessly answered his call, defying all odds. With her husband hesitant to join her, Pingyang made a bold decision and went alone, confident that her gender would offer her some protection. And boy, was she right! She quickly rallied hundreds of men, distributing her wealth among them and earning their unwavering loyalty. With her army of rebels growing, Pingyang led the charge, capturing cities left and right, and soon had a force of over 70,000 men! Her father was impressed by her military genius and granted her the coveted title of General, and the nickname "Army of the Lady". The following year, they successfully overthrew the Sui Dynasty, and Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, crowning himself Emperor Gaozu, with Princess Pingyang by his side. Sadly, Princess Pingyang died a few years later, but her father ensured that her contributions would never be forgotten. When the Ministry of Rites refused…

As a traditional Chinese costume, Hanfu not only interprets the unique Chinese clothing culture but also shows the long history of Chinese traditional costume. So how to buy a suitable Hanfu for yourself? Fashion Hanfu explains to you how to choose the most suitable Hanfu from the aspects of fabric, pattern, and style. 1. Fabric The quality of the fabric determines whether the Hanfu is high-grade or not. If the fabric is too rough, even if the style is good-looking, it will give people a low-cost rough feeling, not only won’t let you beauty down all living beings, but also give people a strange feeling, without the softness and delicacy of Hanfu. The fabrics of classical Hanfu are mainly divided into brocade, silk, silk, Luo, silk, cloth, cotton, hemp, yarn, etc. Modern Hanfu materials are mainly divided into chiffon, silk, cotton and hemp, blended cotton and hemp. In a word, no matter what kind of fabric you choose, the most important thing is to breathe. Don’t choose Hanfu with bad materials just for the sake of small and cheap. It will not only damage your skin, but also affect the overall beauty of Hanfu. Hanfu itself is smart, elegant, natural,…

Tips. Many entrepreneurs who have just started an online store cannot accurately find suppliers at wholesale prices. This is because even within major wholesale markets, there is cooperation among wholesalers; some may even purchase goods from market A and distribute them from market B, which undoubtedly increases the purchasing costs for entrepreneurs. To avoid this situation, don't be afraid of the hassle, visit more wholesale markets, don't miss any possible opportunities, thus determining the supply source and avoiding being deceived. The Jin Dong International Garment City in the Shijing area of Baiyun District has many wholesale shops; you can also buy from garment wholesale platforms where many clothing manufacturers open their shops, including those specializing in Hanfu and ethnic costumes; Guangzhou's Shixing Garment Wholesale Street is located in the Liwan District, in the geographical location of Guangzhou's Liwan District, Shixing Road, Renmin South Road. The Guangzhou Shixing Garment Wholesale Street is centered around Shixing Road, surrounded by the logistics business circle formed by the old clothing street, Yangxiang Road, Shixing Doulane, and Heping East Road Garment Market. It has become the longest-standing historical area in Guangzhou; In Haizhu District, Guangzhou, there is a Qinghe Yifang Hanfu shop in Xiaozhou Village,…

Han Dynasty clothing refers to the hat and clothing system of the Han Dynasty. After the strict governance of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang, who rose to power from a common background, aimed to give the people a break and did not make significant changes to the general systems, including the clothing system, which largely followed the Qin Dynasty. It wasn't until the second year of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty's Yongping era (59 AD) that a formal and comprehensive regulation was established. Hanfu in Social Hierarchy  The hierarchical status of clothing during the Han Dynasty was primarily reflected through hats and ceremonial sashes. Different official ranks had different hats. Therefore, the hat system was particularly complex, with as many as 16 types. There were also strict regulations for shoes during the Han Dynasty. Ritual attire required wearing flat shoes (xu), court attire required wearing (lü) shoes, and outdoor attire required wearing sandals (ji). When women got married, they were supposed to wear wooden clogs, which were painted and tied with colorful ribbons. Historical Evolution During the early period of Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang himself had a limited understanding of the symbolic role of clothing. He once…

Hanfu, as the traditional clothing of China, appeared as early as 5000 years ago in the Huaxia period. And until the Han Dynasty, uniform dress standards were established, and Han Fu clothing officially became the basic style clothing for the ancient Chinese people. The Han Dynasty clothing developed rapidly in this period and had a great influence on the history of Chinese dress. Each China's dynasty has its own memorable culture. Han dynasty, for the first time, costume design and color use have become unified, making traditional Chinese clothing an extremely important part of Chinese culture and a great work of art. Actually, throughout China's history, clothing style experienced a notable changing from ancient times to the modern era. Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. The Han dynasty is a long history, but the Han dynasty clothing retained its simple and elegant style. So, let's through this short article to explore that fascinating history.   A Brief History of Han Dynasty Clothing The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). To this day,…

The fusion of tradition and fashion is making waves in China, and the Mǎmiàn skirt, a quintessential piece of traditional Chinese attire, is at the forefront of this trend.  On May 17th, "China’s Most Beautiful Costumes Series – The Five Colors of Mǎmiàn Skirts" was released in Shanghai, published by Donghua University Press. This groundbreaking scholarly book delves into the origins, evolution, and aesthetic significance of the Mǎmiàn skirt through literature, images, and physical artifacts.Jia Xizeng, the author of the book, an alumnus of Donghua University and a professor at Tsinghua University’s Academy of Arts & Design, explained, “The Mǎmiàn skirt is a classic and highly representative style in traditional Chinese attire. Its history is long and distinguished, its appearance unique, its craftsmanship exquisite, and its functionality well-thought-out. It embodies the integration of beauty and utility in traditional Chinese dress, as well as the humanistic philosophy of expressing culture through clothing.” He clarified that the term “Mǎmiàn” does not refer to a horse’s face but to defensive structures like watchtowers and bastions that extend from city walls, forming T-shaped angles to eliminate blind spots and allow for multi-directional defense. The skirt’s pleated design resembles these structures, hence the name Mǎmiàn…

After the evolution of different dynasties, there are many styles and collar types. Today, Fashion Hanfu will introduce 6 common collar types of Chinese Hanfu for you. 1. JiaoLing (Cross collar) JiaoLing (Cross collar) Hanfu is a kind of collar type often seen in Hanfu, which is a typical feature of Hanfu collar type. Jiao Ling, as the name implies, refers to the front of the garment left and right intersection. The lapel of Hanfu is usually covered to the right with the letter Y, called the right lapel. The characteristics of right Lapel appeared at the beginning of the birth of Hanfu and have been continuing and influencing some ethnic costumes with deep Sinicization. It is the most original, basic, and a core feature of Hanfu. JiaoLing (Cross collar) 2. TanLing (Tan collar) TanLing (Tan collar), also known as u-collar, is one of the Han collar types. It is a kind of short coat developed by ShangRu since Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. So you can see a lot of this kind of dress in Dunhuang murals. The clothing with flat collar is usually tight, such as narrow sleeves and narrow waist.…

The Warring States Period, spanning from 475 BC to 221 BC, was a time of chaos and transformation in ancient China. This era was marked by incessant warfare and the rise and fall of states, ultimately leading to the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty. Here are 15 key facts that paint a vivid picture of this tumultuous period. 1. A Long Era of Warfare The Warring States Period lasted for 254 years, beginning in 475 BC and ending in 221 BC. It was the final chapter of the Zhou Dynasty (1046–221 BC), which itself was divided into three phases: Western Zhou (1046–771 BC), the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC), and finally, the Warring States Period. 2. The Fall of the Zhou Dynasty The Warring States Period began when nobles withdrew their support for the Zhou Dynasty. The vassal states, granted autonomy through a system of enfeoffment, declared independence and vied for territory, transforming into independent kingdoms. 3. Seven Dominant States (Image from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period) By the middle of the Warring States Period, the landscape had consolidated into seven major states: Qin, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, and Qi. Each state controlled significant regions, with Qin in the west, Chu…

Feiyufu (飞鱼服) first became known to the public because of the "New Dragon Gate Inn (新龙门客栈)", "Flying Swords of Dragon Gate (龙门飞甲)", "Brotherhood of Blades (绣春刀)" and other martial arts film works about the Jin Yi Wei (锦衣卫, Embroidered Uniform Guard) appeared one after another. The look of a handsome black leather Feiyufu of the Jin Yi Wei undoubtedly attracted the attention of many people. As Feiyufu became more and more famous, it almost became the representative of the Ming Dynasty official uniform in the general public's mind. So what exactly is Feiyufu and did every Jin Yi Wei in history get to wear it? In this article, we will introduce the history of Feiyufu and the origin of Jin Yi Wei, hope it will be helpful to you.   What is a Feiyufu? The name Feiyufu does not refer to a specific style of hanfu, but all hanfu decorated with Feiyu embroidery or Feiyu Buzi (补子, Mandarin square) are called Feiyufu, which only limits the style of the pattern, not the style of the clothing. In the Ming Dynasty, the Buzi on the Changfu (常服, work formal wear) of the officials were patterned with birds and animals. In the…

There are several mythological fairies in ancient Chinese folklore, but here are four well-known ones: Zhinü: Also known as the "Weaving Maid" or "Vega," Zhinü is a fairy who falls in love with a mortal cowherd named Niulang. They marry and have children, but are separated by the goddess of heaven because their love is forbidden. However, they are allowed to meet once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month when magpies form a bridge over the Milky Way for them to cross. Xiwangmu: Also known as the "Queen Mother of the West," Xiwangmu is a powerful fairy who rules over the mystical Kunlun Mountains in western China. She is associated with immortality, longevity, and healing, and is often depicted holding a peach of immortality. Nuwa: Nuwa is a goddess who is often depicted as a half-human, half-snake figure. She is credited with creating humans and repairing the sky after a great disaster. Nuwa is associated with fertility, creation, and the balance of yin and yang. Bai Mudan: Also known as the "White Peony Fairy," Bai Mudan is a beautiful fairy who is said to have the power to bring happiness and good fortune to those…

As Hanfu has received more and more attention and has important cultural significance, Hanfu is becoming a popular cultural trend. More and more Hanfu lovers take Hanfu to the streets and are seen by the public. However, due to the rapid development of Hanfu, many people are not clear about Hanfu and drama costumes, and even regard Hanfu as drama costumes. In this article, we will make a simple distinction and explanation between Hanfu and opera costumes from the aspects of the definition, style, design, and use. Hanfu is Hanfu, and the opera costume is opera costume, they are different. It may be that the opera costumes are inspired by Hanfu, so there are some similarities in appearance, but a careful study shows that there are great differences between them. Definition Hanfu, the abbreviation of Chinese Han traditional costumes, carries more than 30 kinds of intangible traditional culture and arts and crafts. Hanfu can be divided into two stages: ancient traditional Hanfu and modern Hanfu. The ancient traditional Hanfu originated from the clothes created by the Yellow Emperor and disappeared in the early Qing Dynasty. It is a self-contained clothing culture system; Modern Hanfu is a national traditional dress system…

Imagine strolling through a bustling market, exploring popular tourist spots, or heading to work or school, all while dressed in a flowing, wide-sleeved hanfu. This traditional Chinese attire, rich with historical charm, has become the latest fashion craze among people in China. Hanfu, with its deep roots in Chinese tradition, resonates with a growing appreciation for cultural heritage and aesthetics. Once reserved for special occasions or photo shoots, hanfu is now becoming a common sight in everyday life, from shopping trips to daily commutes. The Soaring Popularity of Hanfu In recent years, the influence of Chinese traditional culture has surged, bolstered by cultural festivals like China Huafu Day and various tourism events. This cultural wave has significantly boosted hanfu's popularity. A notable incident involving an international brand allegedly copying the "mamianqun" (a type of pleated skirt) further heightened awareness and interest in hanfu. Hanfu is no longer confined to specific groups. Its appeal has spread across genders, ages, and city tiers, reaching a wide audience. From first-tier cities to cultural tourism hotspots, hanfu consumption is expanding geographically. Currently, the primary consumers of hanfu are young women. First-tier and cultural tourism cities are the main markets, with rapid growth rates. Interestingly,…